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TOP > 北海道のニュース

北海道(ほっかいどう)は都道府県の一つであり、日本国の最北端に位置する地方公共団体である。札幌市を道庁所在地とする北海道庁の管轄下にあり、今日における日本全国1都1道2府43県中唯一の「道」である。ただし、北方領土はロシアが実効支配をしており、道庁が実質的に管轄出来ていない国土が存在する。

この北海道1道のみで構成される地方を北海道地方といい、面積83,456.75km2、日本の総面積の約2割超(22.9%)を占める。

北海道はまた、島の名でもある(明治以前は蝦夷地)。日本列島を構成し、本州の北に位置する面積77,984.15km2の島で、日本列島四大島の一。島名は律令制における五畿七道の各道に倣って新設された北海道による。


北海道
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| 室蘭のニュース ]

地方

北海道地方

団体コード 01000-6
ISO 3166-2:JP JP-01
面積 83,456,64km2
総人口 5,525,509
(推計人口、2010年7月1日)
人口密度 66.2人/km2
隣接都道府県 青森県
県の木 エゾマツ、アカエゾマツ
県の花 ハマナス
県の鳥 タンチョウ
北海道の歌 北海道民のうた
道民体操(どさんこ体操)
道庁所在地 〒060-8588
北海道札幌市中央区北3条西6丁目1番地

地方公共団体としての北海道は、北海道本島の他、利尻島、礼文島、奥尻島、天売島、焼尻島、渡島大島、渡島小島等の属島をその領域に含む。択捉島、国後島、色丹島、歯舞群島も北海道の領域の一部だが、1945年にソビエト連邦が占領し、現在も同国の後継国家であるロシア連邦の実効支配下に置かれており、現在、日本の施政権が及んでいない。

北海道には179の市町村(35市129町15村)、64の郡がある(この他、北方領土に5郡6村がある)。北海道では、森町が「まち」である以外は、町は全て「ちょう」、村は全て「むら」と読む。

地理

島としての北海道は、面積77,984.15 km2(日本では本州に次いで2番目、世界では21番目に大きな島)。アイルランド島よりやや小さく、樺太よりやや大きい。南の本州とは津軽海峡で隔てられているが、青函トンネルにより鉄路で繋がれている。北は宗谷海峡を隔てて樺太と向かい合い、東には千島列島が連なり、間接的にではあるがロシアと国境を隔てている。西の日本海、南東の太平洋、北東のオホーツク海と、3つの海に囲まれており、周辺には対馬暖流とその分枝である津軽暖流・宗谷暖流、及び親潮と東樺太海流が流れている。

北海道は大きく分けて胴体部にあたる菱形の部分と、南西の半島部(渡島半島)よりなる。

 


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